At 100, Luigi Nono Remains a Radical, Urgent Composer

In 1954, Arnold Schoenberg’s widow, Gertrud, and their daughter, Nuria, traveled from the United States to Europe for the first time since fleeing Nazism two decades earlier. They went to Hamburg, Germany, for the concert premiere of Schoenberg’s “Moses und Aron,” where Nuria met the young Italian composer Luigi Nono.

They married each other the following year in Venice, uniting two families storied in art and invention. Nuria Schoenberg’s father was a revolutionary who broke with tonality and developed a new method of composition that would change the course of musical history; Nono’s father was an engineer and keen amateur musician, while his grandfather was a Venetian painter known for scenes of the poor — a background that foretold his own art of revolutionary politics, avant-gardism and technology.

Nono, who was born 100 years ago and died in 1990, invited listeners to musical extremes, especially that of the dynamic pianississimo, or very, very soft. The score of “Fragmente-Stille, an Diotima” (1979-80), his sole work for string quartet, quotes words from the elusive German Romantic poet Friedrich Hölderlin, to be “sung” inwardly by the players: a political act of hope, of forging a whole from fragments, as much from silence as from notes.

Nono’s enthusiasm for Schoenberg’s music burned stronger, and was less equivocal, than that of his Darmstadt School contemporaries, such as Pierre Boulez and Karlheinz Stockhausen. For them, Anton Webern, Schoenberg’s most radical pupil, was the truer prophet of new music.

The Darmstadt School avant-gardists, especially Boulez and Stockhausen, continue to play key roles in music history. Yet since their deaths, their legacies have grown increasingly precarious, with repertory status remaining elusive, the passionate advocacy of a committed few notwithstanding. We ignore Nono at our peril, however: We miss out not only on a rich and varied body of work, but also on the opportunity to transform the ways in which we listen to music old and new, and to the world around us.