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    A Dissident Company Celebrates 15 Years Underground

    Long before the coronavirus closed most of the world’s playhouses, one company pioneered creating theater at a distance.The Belarus Free Theater, founded in 2005 by dissident artists in the former Soviet republic, has operated clandestinely in the capital, Minsk, and in London, where the artistic directors, Natalia Kaliada and Nicolai Khalezin, have lived in exile since 2011. For performances in Belarus, where most of the 12-person ensemble is still based, the troupe rehearses its provocative productions over Skype and puts them on in changing “underground” locations, in defiance of a government ban.Their plays, which often lay bare political corruption and social decay in the authoritarian country, have been raided by the K.G.B., Belarus’s secret police. Audience members and actors alike have been jailed.The Belarus Free Theater has nevertheless been able to present its productions abroad, and it has performed in over 40 countries. The troupe was getting ready to celebrate its 15th anniversary with an ambitious lineup of productions and workshops and the premiere of a documentary film. But then the coronavirus struck.With its performing activities on hold for the foreseeable future, the company has opened its digital archive. (A spokeswoman said it hoped to reschedule as many of the anniversary events as possible for later in the year). This month, it began streaming 24 productions, roughly half its repertory, on YouTube, with English subtitles.Although recordings often fail to capture the excitement of live performance, these documents of the troupe’s intimate performances convey what makes the Belarus Free Theater such a unique and artistically thrilling company. New videos will be made available each week until late June.In the early works that have streamed so far, all of which predated the government’s ban in 2010, you have to marvel at the troupe’s ability to achieve startling theatrical effects with extremely modest means. Performing in underground clubs and black box theaters, the actors often have little more than a chalkboard, bed or chair to work with. This is theatrical minimalism born of privation and necessity. Eschewing flashy stage effects, the four productions I saw achieved a remarkable theatrical purity.While the political situation in Belarus looms large in the productions, the country’s specific struggles take on a degree of universality that all revolutionary art strives for. Politically urgent though they are, these productions are not agitprop.A stark staging of the British playwright Sarah Kane’s feverish “4.48 Psychosis,” the Belarus Free Theater’s first production, from May 2005, kicked off the online programming. It premiered at the Graffiti Club in Minsk, a bar in an industrial neighborhood that hosted the group’s first three productions before the authorities pressured it to stop.A tormented monologue about mental disintegration, “4.48 Psychosis” can be staged any number of ways. In this production, two of the company’s mainstays, Maryia Sazonava and Yana Rusakevich, share Kane’s wrenching and poetic text in a performance that alternates between violence and tenderness.The video shows the audience mere feet from the performers. Many cover their laps with blankets; they look cold. Onstage, props and effects are kept to a minimum: candles, a cigarette, a thermos, projected video and blinding light against the venue’s brick wall.In its frank dissection of mental breakdown, “4.48 Psychosis” is clearly a subversive text, although you would need to read between the lines to find a political message. Since then, the company has mostly staged original work with more explicit references to Belarus.In “Generation Jeans” (2006), Khalezin, one of the artistic directors, delivers a highly personal monologue on dissident culture in the waning days of the Soviet Union. Onstage with a D.J. and a bag full of props (including clothes, LPs, flags and pickles), Khalezin looks the audience straight in the eye as he describes the risks involved in procuring real denim jeans, as opposed to Lithuanian knockoffs.The black market for imported clothing and music was under close surveillance at the time, but being hauled in for questioning by the K.G.B. was a small price to pay: “We didn’t know that it was possible to long for anything else,” he says. “Jeans and music were our symbols of prosperity.”“Generation Jeans” is a good introduction to the troupe’s technique of building productions from simple, polished monologues that bristle with mordant humor and closely observed details. This also works for more ambitions stagings, like “Zone of Silence: A Modern Belarusian Epic in Three Chapters” (2008), a sweeping yet intimate production in which the actors’ personal reminiscences fuse with vivid character sketches to paint a kaleidoscopic portrait of life in the country.Painful memories, including the deaths of parents and children, dominate the play’s fast-moving first chapter. These give way to a series of colorful monologues about characters on society’s margins, including an armless guitar aficionado, a babushka whose fanatical belief in communism has not been shaken and a sex-obsessed old man with a motor mouth.In the overtly political final segment, damning statistics about Belarus are projected on a wall. They expose the country’s devastating human rights record, including the government’s hostility to the press and free expression, and high rates of suicide, domestic violence and human trafficking. Then, in an unexpected coda that lands somewhere between cheesy and stirring, the statistics give way to a list of famous Belarusians (or people with Belarusian heritage), including Ralph Lauren, Harrison Ford and several founders of the state of Israel.The personal and the political come together in the more narratively straightforward monologue that runs through Khalezin’s 2008 production “Discover Love,” inspired by the real-life case of Anatoly Krasovsky, a businessman who disappeared along with a prominent political opponent of the Belarusian president, Alexander Lukashenko, in 1999.Staged from the perspective of Krasovsky’s widow, Irina, the sparse production conveys the sense of disorientation and hope, shot through with panic and possibility, that the characters feel in the midst of vast social and political upheavals. The powerful dialogue, delivered with unerring directness by actors who have evolved together with the company over the past decade and a half, accomplishes far more than any amount of expensive stagecraft could ever achieve.Right now, much of the world is learning firsthand that it takes enormous courage to persevere in a time of adversity. Bravery and artistic focus have kept the Belarus Free Theater producing singularly robust stage work through the past 15 years. What they have done has gone beyond coping. They have thrived. More

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    Look, America: No Hands!

    Carrie Mathison’s very first words on “Homeland” are: “I don’t care where he is. Find him. It’s urgent.” They are shouted in a tone of unvarnished scorn at her colleague’s slowness, lack of insight and imagination. Carrie Mathison, a C.I.A. agent played by Claire Danes, does not mince words. She does not avoid conflict or difficult feelings. In fact, she has bipolar disorder (sometimes untreated, according to story-line needs), so difficult feelings are actually her thing. Many (dudes, mostly) are put off by her dogged, sawing pursuit of truth, and distrust the instincts born behind her beautiful spinning eyes. They are always institutionalizing her, always wrong, and she is always getting out of the institution to prove it. She is also a single mother.Bottom line: Carrie Mathison has her hands full, and never goes anywhere without her cross-body bag.“Does Carrie take her bag from the car to wherever she was going, or whomever she was interrogating?” Ms. Danes said over email of her character’s bags. “The shorthand for this question was always, ‘Does she take her friend?’ Occasionally, it was a more explicit ‘best friend,’ but never necessary because the lack of competition was a given.”I like Carrie Mathison. I love Claire Danes. I detest cross-body purses. You see, I like a nice solid shoulder bag, a hobo, a doctor bag, a tote, like the deep green Prada Issa Rae carries in her first scene in “The Photograph.” That’s a bag, people. Good bags elevate the beauty of women onscreen and in person, whereas cross-body bags erase, with their placement on the body, all beauty, all sexuality, all sensuality, all grace, all style, all life. Cross-body bags cut the form in a half, and the purse itself is so silly-looking, so flimsy. Also, if all you need to carry are your phone and your debit card, why don’t you just put them in your pocket? And if you haven’t taken the trouble to wear something with pockets, but you have taken the trouble to go out and purchase this ridiculous little body pendant, then what, exactly, is your problem? When I told this to Katina LaKerr, the costumer designer who created Carrie’s look on “Homeland,” she just laughed. “Carrie is a superhero,” Ms. LaKerr said. “A cross-body bag is the only choice.” I didn’t argue. But that doesn’t mean I will let this go.The series finale of “Homeland” airs on April 26, after eight seasons. If you rewatch the show purely for bag spotting (it happened to me), you will start to recognize the main players.Carrie starts out with a nondescript black one with a flap, but Ms. LaKerr refined this look into a Marc by Marc Jacobs cross-body with subtle but sturdy gold hardware that became, by the middle of Season 3 and onward, a Carrie staple. A gray cross-body, its provenance sadly lost to the sands of time, accompanies Carrie through much of Season 5, in Berlin. Now, in Kabul, Afghanistan, for Season 8, she carries a black Le Donne, and as Carrie ends the show’s run, she’ll be back in the United States, carrying a more sophisticated Rag & Bone. “We always keep track of which bags might no longer exist, due to events in the story line,” said Debra Beebe, the show’s current costume designer.When I told Ms. Beebe that I don’t like cross-body bags, she also said that Carrie’s job demands them, a point that I’m willing to concede. But many women who are not Carrie Mathison, who never hit people over the head with bricks, who don’t get repeatedly kidnapped, wear cross-body bags, and what, exactly, is their problem?“They are just everywhere,” said Maria Sherman, a writer, whose 2019 Jezebel piece “Why Are All Bags Crossbody Bags Now?” chronicles her fruitless search for a not-cross-body bag and is the “Howl” of purse shopping. “Cross-body bags are supposed to be cool but I feel like they lack dignity,” she added. “Carrie might as well be wearing a backpack, or a fanny pack.”I told her how uncomfortable it makes me to have a drink or coffee with someone who leaves hers on the entire time (it happens more than you’d think); I can never shake the feeling that this person is always on the verge of getting up and walking out. Clare Vivier is the founder and C.E.O. of Clare V, a high-end purse company. Though she has unfettered access to some of the most beautiful bags in the world, she voluntarily owns nine of the cross-body variety, and said they’re extremely popular with her customers. She does have one cross-body bone to pick: “Carrie wears hers too long. It actually drives me crazy.”Carrie Mathison probably didn’t make the cross-body bag popular, Ms. Vivier said, but her look dovetails with how modern women are dressing now. “Women these days want to be chic, but comfortable and without impairment, so that we can tackle our harried lives, whether we are working moms or fighting terrorists,” she said. “Cross-body bags are a hands-free bag equivalent to sneakers with skirts — sporty but feminine.”Now, I have watched every single episode of “Homeland,” not only in spite of Carrie’s bags, but in spite of something infinitely more troubling: It centers the 20-year-long wars in Iraq and Afghanistan on American angst. It’s as if, with the hundreds of thousands of Afghans and Iraqis who died in these wars, the real battles were in the American intelligence community. I thought about how Carrie Mathison — working mom and terrorism fighter — loved the convenient hands-free cross-body bag. And I had to wonder (to invoke another television Carrie, of “Sex and the City”), could the bags and the show’s politics be related?I talked to Stephen Shapiro, a professor of English at the University of Warwick, in England, who has written on “Homeland,” prestige television and its messages about culture and class relationships. He suggested that the cross-body bag is about a lot more than convenience. “The bag seems to be taking its cue from military uniforms, and it’s evocative, the same way that the prevalence of S.U.V.s are, of the way that the Forever War let us copy the military in our everyday lives,” Mr. Shapiro said.Obviously, S.U.V.s aren’t military vehicles, but they have the same shape and heft. “When you see someone driving one,” Mr. Shapiro said, “you wonder if they are worried about running over an I.E.D. in the Target parking lot.” I have the same sensation looking at people wearing cross-body purses: What, exactly, do you feel you need to be prepared for?“To me, cross-body bags are so Elizabeth Warren feminist,” said Amy Westervelt, a climate writer, and a friend of mine. “They say to me: ‘We’re going to solve climate change by greening the military.’”Then there’s the whole hands-free thing, particularly notable since there’s a major story line around Carrie ordering a drone strike, and drone strikes are how Americans themselves have been able to be involved in this war, while often never touching or being touched by it. “The costume of a hands-free bag presents Mathison as innocent of dirty deeds,” Mr. Shapiro said. “These bags say, ‘My hands are clean.’”.Of course, I myself am not innocent. I saw every single episode the moment it came out, for all nine years. I just loved watching Carrie show all those sane, yawningly right-brained people how much better she, an electrically left-brained person, was than they were. Despite the casualties, I couldn’t stop watching. You could say it was out of my hands.And I will be watching all the way to the end, partly because I want to, partly because what else am I going to do, and partly because Ms. Beebe promised me that in one of the last episodes, Carrie goes to an event carrying a Tissa Fontaneda evening — not cross-body — bag. I can’t wait to see this bag. The spoils of empire are so beautiful, and never more so as they dwindle away.Sarah Miller is a writer who lives in Nevada City, Calif. More

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    What’s on TV Thursday: ‘The Lighthouse’ and ‘Trolls World Tour’

    What’s StreamingTHE LIGHTHOUSE (2019) Stream on Amazon; rent on Amazon, Google Play, iTunes, Vudu and YouTube. Robert Pattinson and Willem Dafoe are given little but each other for company in “The Lighthouse.” The film casts that pair as Winslow and Wake, two 19th-century lighthouse keepers on a small, secluded island off the New England coast. It’s a claustrophobic experience for the characters and audiences alike: Directed by Robert Eggers and filmed in black-and-white, the grimly funny film shows the two men spending their days fighting and drinking, growing closer together even as they antagonize each other. The plot “is thin enough to invite plentiful interpretations about masculinity, homosocial relations and desire,” Manohla Dargis wrote in her review for The New York Times. The movie’s “more sustained pleasures,” she added, “are its form and style, its presumptive influences (von Stroheim’s ‘Greed,’ German Expressionism), the frowning curve of Winslow’s mustache, the whites of eyes rolled back in terror.”TROLLS WORLD TOUR (2020) Rent on Amazon, Google Play, iTunes, Vudu and YouTube. Watch “The Lighthouse” and “Trolls World Tour” and on average you’ll have seen about the number of different hues you’d find in a single standard movie. This candy-colored follow-up to DreamWorks Animation’s musical comedy “Trolls” (2016) sees Anna Kendrick and Justin Timberlake reprise their roles from the first movie, this time with a host of new voices (including Rachel Bloom, Anthony Ramos and George Clinton) and a story that widens the pop-centric scope of the original movie to incorporate techno, rap, funk and other genres. “While the genre-bridging premise affords the film more variety and verve than its sugary predecessor,” Ben Kenigsberg wrote in his review for The Times, “the movie, directed by Walt Dohrn, still gives you the sensation of being barricaded in a karaoke lounge where all the attendees have snorted Sweet Tarts.”TIGERTAIL (2020) Stream on Netflix. This family drama from the “Master of None” co-creator Alan Yang darts between two eras and three languages to tell the story of Pin-Jui, a man who leaves behind his lover in Taiwan to emigrate to the United States. It casts three actors (Tzi Ma, Hong-Chi Lee and Zhi-Hao Yang) as Pin-Jui at different ages, exploring the way the international move shapes his life — and evoking the work of Asian filmmakers like Wong Kar-wai and Hou Hsiao-hsien. “It’s using classic techniques to tell a modern story that I hadn’t seen before,” Alan Yang said in an interview with The Times.What’s on TVIN THE DARK 9 p.m. on the CW. Murphy (Perry Mattfeld), the 20-something at the center of this dramedy, spent the series’s first season solving a murder mystery. In Season 2, Murphy deals with the fallout of the cracked case while getting wrapped up in another dangerous pursuit, as she’s forced to use the guide-dog school she runs with her roommate (Brooke Markham) and her boss (Morgan Krantz) to launder drug money. More

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    A Mesmerizing ‘India Song,’ Pulpy and Austere

    Spare, elegant, disjunctive, initially annoying and ultimately drop-dead beautiful, Marguerite Duras’s “India Song” (1975) was one of the great European art films of the post-art-film era. It followed the 1960s heyday of Michelangelo Antonioni, Ingmar Bergman and Alain Resnais, Duras’s one-time collaborator (she wrote the screenplay for his first feature, “Hiroshima, Mon Amour”), and was in some ways more radical than their work.Like much of Duras’s work, the film, streaming through May 3 on the highly curated site, Mubi, is obliquely self-referential, drawing on earlier writings as well as her childhood in French-occupied Indochina. It originated in the early 1970s as a play — commissioned but never staged by the National Theater in London — loosely based on her 1965 novel, “The Vice-Consul,” in which a French diplomat in Lahore painfully yearns for the French ambassador’s promiscuous wife.“India Song,” which begins with a stunning sunset, shot in what feels like real time, is nominally set in late-1930s Calcutta (but was filmed in and around a French chateau). It is less theatrical or literary than it is ritualistic and, as the title suggests, musical. A handful of characters — notably Delphine Seyrig as the ambassador’s unhappy wife and Michael Lonsdale as the smitten vice consul — languidly drift, pose and pivot around an old-fashioned drawing room.Incense burns, the dominant color is a velvety jade green, and the single Indian servant wears a turban. (The story takes place in a bubble — you never see India or, the one servant aside, Indians.) The action is the more stylized for being scored with society jazz and for unfolding in the sultry, rarefied world of European colonialism. Intimations of madness, horror and suicide hover just outside the narrative.Duras’s most daring ploy is the elimination of synchronized dialogue. It’s never clear whether characters are actually speaking to each other or if the viewer is simply privy to their thoughts. (Given the subtlety of her expressions and gestures, Seyrig would have been a sensational silent movie presence.) A chorus of off-screen voices seems to be reacting to the action or perhaps simply remembering it. Language is incantation. The oft-referred to Ganges River produces “the smell of mud and leprosy and fire.”“India Song” manages to be both florid and austere and, for all its forbidding formalism, not so far from a steamy tropical romance or the B-movie exotica beloved by French surrealists. Reviewing “India Song” when it appeared at the 1975 New York Film Festival, the New York Times critic Vincent Canby (not a fan) found the movie reminiscent of a Hollywood “four-hankie” melodrama but praised “the fine, schlocky, thirties musical score” by Carlos d’Alessio.The heart of “India Song” is a masterpiece of hypnotic minimalism — a scene in which the stricken vice consul watches as the ambassador’s wife dances and flirts with several current and would-be lovers during an embassy reception.All relations are ambiguous, as is the space. (Duras gets more mileage out of a floor-to-ceiling mirror than anyone since the Marx Brothers in “Duck Soup.”) The vice consul, who someone says, “seems to be in a state of tears,” stalks the ambassador’s wife and, his advances rebuffed, makes a scene that reverberates, off-screen, for the rest of the movie.India SongAvailable on mubi.com through May 3.Rewind is an occasional column covering revived, restored and rediscovered movies. More

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    Alex Trebek Memoir Is Coming in July

    For years, “Jeopardy!” fans have yearned to learn more about the behind-the-scenes life of their beloved host, the silver-haired, even-toned Alex Trebek. But so far he has been relatively tight-lipped about it.In July, those fans will get new insights into Mr. Trebek in a memoir that delves into the game show host’s thoughts on topics like marriage, parenthood and spirituality, the publisher, Simon & Schuster, announced on Tuesday.Mr. Trebek had resisted entreaties to write a book about his life for over three decades, the publisher said, but his position changed after his Stage-4 pancreatic cancer diagnosis last year prompted an outpouring of support and interest in his health.“I want people to know a little more about the person they have been cheering on for the past year,” Mr. Trebek writes in the book, titled, “The Answer Is …: Reflections on my Life.”The book, which is a slim 160 pages, is scheduled for release on July 21, the day before Mr. Trebek turns 80. The structure of the memoir is inspired by “Jeopardy!,” with each chapter title taking the form of a question.It will include some of Mr. Trebek’s thoughts on two record-breaking players, Ken Jennings and James Holzhauer, who shot to game-show fame last year and inspired a multiday tournament meant to determine the “Greatest of All Time” (Mr. Jennings won). There will also be an appraisal of Will Ferrell’s impression of him on “Saturday Night Live” and an explanation of why Mr. Trebek shaved off his famous mustache.Mr. Trebek, who became the host of “Jeopardy!” in 1984, has consistently kept fans updated on his health in media interviews and videos shot on the set of the game show. Last month, he announced in a video posted on Twitter that he had passed the one-year mark since his diagnosis, something he said only 18 percent of Stage-4 pancreatic cancer patients do.Mr. Trebek has been candid about the struggles of battling cancer, saying in the video that “there were moments of great pain, days when certain bodily functions no longer functioned, and sudden, massive attacks of great depression that made me wonder if it really was worth fighting on.”But Mr. Trebek said he is taking solace in the solidarity of fellow cancer patients and taking one day at a time. More

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    Animals Are Rewilding Our Cities. On YouTube, at Least.

    At the end of March I was, like many people, spending hours each day on the internet, my attention glued to graphs of projected deaths, maps of infection hot spots, photos of masked travelers huddled in subway cars. But then new images appeared, and they were quite unlike the others. Here were maps showing improvements in air quality, photographs of deserted streets and squares bathed in sunlight and, most surprising, videos of wild animals thriving in newly deserted towns and cities.These animal videos are astonishingly popular — one video, “Coronavirus lock down effects on animals” on Nature Connection’s YouTube channel, which includes clips of wild boar roaming Italian towns, Japanese sika deer walking the streets of Nara and a family of Egyptian geese crossing the empty tarmac of Tel Aviv’s Ben Gurion Airport, has had over five million views — and their content has often been recirculated in mainstream news media. The videos are earnest and encouraging. “What a difference without humans,” says one YouTuber on the Planet Now channel, her voice full of wonderment as she shows us before-and-after shots of Venice, moving from muddy water and bustling crowds to empty streets and clean canals. She talks us through footage of fish and dolphins, screenshots of tweets about Venetian swans, news that ducks have returned to the fountains of Rome. “Look how blue it is,” she says, dreamily, of the canal water.Such testaments to nature’s sudden resurgence are, according to one Nature Connection video, a “silver lining” to the pandemic’s manifold horrors. In them, human progress, traditionally seen as a movement outward from cities to conquer the wild, seems to have not only halted but also turned back on itself. We cannot go anywhere; we’re stuck in our own homes, and it is the animals, suddenly, that are coming to us. “Nature is taking back Venice,” reads one headline in The Guardian, as if this were a war and humans under siege. It’s the return of the repressed, taking the form of goats browsing clipped garden hedges and cantering along the streets of Welsh seaside towns, flocks of wild turkeys strutting about Harvard Yard as if they remember the forests that once grew there. More

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    What’s on TV Wednesday: ‘Mrs. America’ and ‘The Main Event’

    What’s StreamingMRS. AMERICA Stream on FX on Hulu. Cate Blanchett plays the conservative activist Phyllis Schlafly in this new mini-series, which revisits the fights for and against the Equal Rights Amendment in the 1970s. On the “against” side is Schlafly, a self-described housewife who spent the decade campaigning against the E.R.A., which would have amended the Constitution to legally codify equality between women and men. Fighting her on the “for” side are a cadre of figures from the left, including Gloria Steinem (Rose Byrne), Shirley Chisholm (Uzo Aduba), Betty Friedan (Tracey Ullman) and Bella Abzug (Margo Martindale). The show tells stories from both sides, as it chronicles events leading up to the defeat of the E.R.A. — a defeat, led by Schlafly, that had lasting effects. “Love her or hate her, you cannot not take away that she was extraordinary,” the series’s creator, Dahvi Waller, a former “Mad Men” writer, said in a recent interview with The New York Times. “And if you find yourself rooting for her and hate yourself for it, that’s also fun.”THE MAIN EVENT (2020) Stream on Netflix. In “The Main Event,” an 11-year-old boy uses superhuman abilities to defeat school bullies — and then professional wrestlers. A surreal comedy geared toward families, the film centers on Leo (Seth Carr), a young wrestling fan who discovers a mask that gives him supernatural strength. With his newfound power, he enters a pro wrestling competition, where his adult opponents underestimate both his physical abilities (his body weight appears roughly equal to that of his adult opponents’ left legs) and his determination.THE FITS (2016) Stream on Criterion Channel; rent on Amazon, Google Play, iTunes, Vudu and YouTube. An 11-year-old girl flits between boxing and dancing in this indie drama, the first feature from the filmmaker Anna Rose Holmer. The girl, Toni (Royalty Hightower), spends most of her time at a recreational center in Cincinnati, where she boxes and trains with her older brother (Da’Sean Minor). But after she gets a glimpse of a local dance team, her interests begin to expand — setting into motion what Manohla Dargis referred to in her review for The Times as a “dreamy, beautifully syncopated coming-of-age tale.” Holmer, Dargis wrote, “leads with atmosphere and space (including that landscape called the human face), and tends to let the sumptuously textured visuals and intermittent blasts of percussive music express what the characters don’t.”What’s on TVWHAT WE DO IN THE SHADOWS 10 p.m. on FX. Bloodsucking and bathroom humor return in the second season of “What We Do in the Shadows.” Born of Jemaine Clement and Taika Waititi’s mockumentary film of the same name, the TV series concerns a group of vampire roommates navigating undead life on Staten Island. Wednesday night’s Season 2 premiere begins with a series of deaths — including an unfortunate impalement. “The show is funny and silly,” Paul Simms, one of the show’s executive producers, said in an interview with The Times last year. “But it is about the sadness of eternal life.” More

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    Wynn Handman, Influential Director and Teacher, Dies at 97

    This obituary is part of a series about people who have died in the coronavirus pandemic.Wynn Handman, a director and acting teacher who shaped the careers of Dustin Hoffman, Joel Grey, Faye Dunaway, Richard Gere and other stars in his acting classes and at the influential American Place Theater in Manhattan, which he co-founded, died on Saturday at his home in Manhattan. He was 97.His daughter Laura Handman said the cause was pneumonia related to the coronavirus.In addition to mentoring actors, Mr. Handman was an advocate of new American plays and those who wrote them.He founded the American Place Theater in 1963 with Michael Tolan, an actor, and Sidney Lanier, vicar of St. Clement’s Episcopal Church on West 46th Street in Manhattan, where the theater was located in its early years. Their mission was to promote new voices, approaches and subjects, an alternative to the often constricted commercial offerings nearby in the Broadway houses.“As a producer, Wynn brought the Greenwich Village theater revolution to spitting distance from Broadway, which, as far as he was concerned, was the enemy,” the theater journalist Jeremy Gerard, author of “Wynn Place Show: A Biased History of the Rollicking Life & Extreme Times of Wynn Handman and The American Place Theatre” (2013), said by email. The theater, he said, “shocked audiences — and many critics — with early plays by downtown anarchists (Sam Shepard), Black Power militants (Ed Bullins) and emerging feminists (María Irene Fornés).”Mr. Handman, who served as artistic director of the theater — which was still producing plays into this century — admitted that he wasn’t chasing the kind of success most producers and directors craved.“I was drawn to challenging plays, plays that would not succeed commercially and therefore needed a home,” he told The New York Times in 2013. “It was never in my mind to do a play that would become a hit. But that’s what most New York theaters are all about today.”His greatest hits, it might be said, were the actors who came through his classes, which he began teaching in the 1950s. Other acting teachers, like Lee Strasberg, may have been better known, but Mr. Handman’s workshop, for years held in a cramped space near Carnegie Hall, was just as intense.“It was a lot of technique, truth, moment-to-moment, how to listen, improv,” Burt Reynolds, a student early in his career, told The New York Times in 1981.In the 2019 documentary “It Takes a Lunatic,” directed by Billy Lyons, the actress Marianne Leone Cooper recalled, “He worked with me for six months on nothing but stillness.”James Caan, another of the many actors who paid tribute in the documentary, remembered serious work seriously tackled. “We didn’t spend a lot of time being trees, you know what I mean?” he said in the film.Mr. Handman was still teaching decades later when John Leguizamo tested out “Mambo Mouth,” his breakthrough solo show, which became an Off Broadway hit in 1990, in one of his classes.“Wynn sat there laughing and carrying on like any other audience member,” Mr. Leguizamo wrote in the foreword to Mr. Gerard’s biography, “but when I was done he cut into it like a surgeon trying to save an organ without killing the patient.”Irwin Leo Handman (Wynn had long been his legal name, his daughter said) was born on May 19, 1922, in Manhattan. His father, Nathan, ran a printing business, and his mother, Anna (Kemler) Handman, was a saleswoman at Saks Fifth Avenue.He grew up in the Inwood section of Manhattan, although that may conjure a different image to the reader of 2020 than it did almost a century ago.“There was a farm across the street,” Mr. Handman said in the documentary. “A real farm. That’s true. I had such a happy childhood that I never wanted to leave Inwood.”Mr. Handman graduated from DeWitt Clinton High School in the Bronx in 1938 and the City College of New York in 1943, later earning a master’s degree in speech pathology from Teachers College at Columbia University. After graduating from City College he enlisted in the Coast Guard, serving on an icebreaker that was assigned to knock out a German weather station in the Arctic. The mission was a success, and a number of Germans were taken prisoner.“When the Germans came aboard the ship, I didn’t feel like saluting them,” Mr. Handman, who was Jewish, said in the documentary, but his commander ordered him to follow protocol and do so.While at sea he would sometimes entertain his shipmates with skits, and the experience led him to think about acting once the war ended. He applied to the Neighborhood Playhouse, Sanford Meisner’s theater school, and studied there from 1946 to 1948.He wanted to act, but Mr. Meisner saw him as a director and in 1949 suggested he lead a summer theater in the Adirondacks where some Neighborhood Playhouse students were in repertory. Mr. Handman was reluctant, but Barbara Ann Schlein, whom he would marry the next year, urged him to try it.“I found myself, my calling, that summer,” Mr. Handman told Mr. Gerard in an interview for the biography.Mr. Handman taught at the Neighborhood Playhouse from 1948 to 1955, but in 1952 he also began teaching his own acting classes, and in 1955 he broke away from Mr. Meisner. His studio across from Carnegie Hall was furnished with salvaged wooden auditorium seats.“Its warmth and funkiness were chemical to him,” said Jonathan Slaff, a theater publicist who studied with Mr. Handman and represented the theater in the mid-1990s, “and he transported its seating and décor into a studio he established on the eighth floor of Carnegie Hall and, later, on the 10th floor of 244 West 54th Street.”Separate from his teaching was the American Place Theater. For the first year or so it devoted itself to readings. Its first full production, in November 1964, was “The Old Glory” by Robert Lowell, the poet, his first stage production. It won an Obie Award for best American play.The next year the theater staged “Harry, Noon and Night” by Ronald Ribman, with Mr. Grey and Mr. Hoffman in the cast. “Hogan’s Goat” by William Alfred was also done that year, with Ms. Dunaway in the cast.In 1970 the theater moved to a custom-built space on West 46th Street.Over the decades, the theater’s offerings were nothing if not eclectic. In 1968 there was “The Cannibals,” George Tabori’s gruesome tale of cannibalism in a Nazi death camp. In 1986 there was Eric Bogosian’s “Drinking in America.” In 1998 came Aasif Mandvi’s solo show, “Sakina’s Restaurant.”“He helped foster idiosyncratic work,” Mr. Bogosian told The Times in 2007. “He has a great eye for what’s good, what’s honest.”Mr. Handman’s wife, known as Bobbie, died in 2013. In addition to his daughter Laura, he is survived by another daughter, Liza Eleanor Handman; two grandchildren; and a great-granddaughter.Mr. Handman was still teaching when he contracted the virus.“As soon as the lockdown was over,” Mr. Slaff said, “he would have been back in class.” More