More stories

  • in

    聆听近200年后首度现世的肖邦圆舞曲

    晚春的一天,在曼哈顿摩根图书馆和博物馆的地下室深处,馆长罗宾逊·麦克莱伦正在整理一批文化纪念品。其中有毕加索签名的明信片,一位法国女演员的老照片,还有勃拉姆斯和柴可夫斯基的信件。当麦克莱伦看到第147号物品时,他惊呆了:The Morgan Library & Museum那是一张有破洞、索引卡大小的乐谱残篇…………上面有小小的谱号和一个显眼的名字。这首曲子被标为“圆舞曲”。有一个草写的名字:肖邦。“我心想,‘这是怎么回事?这是什么呢?’”麦克莱伦说。“我认不出这是哪段音乐。”本身也是作曲家的麦克莱伦拍下了手稿的照片,并在家里用一台数码钢琴弹奏了它。真的是肖邦吗?他有些疑虑:这部作品异常激烈,以安静、不和谐的音符开场,然后爆发出轰轰烈烈的和弦。他把照片发给了宾夕法尼亚大学肖邦研究权威杰弗里·卡尔伯格。“我惊呆了,”卡尔伯格说。“我知道我以前从未见过这个。”在检测了手稿的纸张和墨水,分析了笔迹和音乐风格,并咨询了外部专家后,摩根博物馆得出了一个重要结论:该作品很可能是浪漫主义时代伟大的幻想家弗雷德里克·肖邦创作的一首不为人知的圆舞曲,这是半个多世纪以来首次有这样的发现。郎朗在曼哈顿施坦威音乐厅演奏肖邦圆舞曲全曲。Video by Mohamed Sadek for The New York Times这一发现可能会在古典音乐界引发争论,因为这个领域有时会对新发现杰作的报道持怀疑态度,而且历史上一直存在赝品和伪造手稿的情况。但近年来也有重大发现:德国莱比锡的一家图书馆于9月宣布,该馆发现了一份时长12分钟的莫扎特弦乐三重奏的副本。肖邦于1849年去世,时年39岁,死因可能是肺结核,新近发现的肖邦作品十分稀有。虽然他是音乐界最受喜爱的人物之一——他的心脏被浸泡在一罐酒精中,保存在华沙的一座教堂里——但他不如其他作曲家高产,他创作了大约250首作品,几乎全部是钢琴独奏曲。摩根博物馆的手稿据说是在1830年至1835年之间完成的,当时肖邦20岁出头。这份手稿有着几个奇特之处。尽管人们认为作品已是完稿,但它比肖邦的其他圆舞曲短——只有48小节以及一个反复段落,大约80秒。这首曲子为A小调,有着不同寻常的力度标记,包括开始不久的一处表示最大音量的极强音。但摩根博物馆表示确信这首圆舞曲手稿是真迹,并指出了肖邦的几个特点。The Morgan Library & Museum博物馆表示,该手稿纸张和墨水与肖邦当时使用的一致。手稿笔迹与肖邦的笔迹相符…………甚至包括不寻常的低音谱号画法。摩根博物馆收藏的另一份肖邦手稿也有类似的低音谱号。那份手稿上还点缀着肖邦的涂鸦,肖邦喜欢画画。“我们对我们的结论充满信心,”麦克莱伦说。“现在是时候将它公之于众,让全世界看看,并形成他们自己的看法了。”明星钢琴家郎朗最近在曼哈顿的施坦威音乐厅为《纽约时报》录制了这首圆舞曲。他说,这首作品让他感觉像是肖邦的作品。他说,刺耳的开头让人想起了波兰乡村严酷的冬天。“这不是肖邦最复杂的音乐,”他补充道,“但它是你能想象到的最地道的肖邦风格之一。”在肖邦去世后绘制的一幅肖像。 General Photographic Agency/Getty Images肖邦1810年出生于华沙郊外的一个村庄,父亲是法国人,母亲是波兰人。1830年,20岁的肖邦离开了波兰。他定居在巴黎,很快成为一名琴键上的诗人,他的音乐将人们带到全新的情感世界。与家人的分离以及对波兰未来的担忧可能是肖邦在这个时期的音乐作品带有苦痛色彩的原因之一。19世纪30年代初,波兰爆发了叛乱,武装反抗占领波兰部分领土的俄罗斯帝国。肖邦再也没有回到过祖国。“父亲绝望了——他不知道该如何是好,也没有人帮助让母亲振奋起来,”他在1831年游历德国时在日记中写道。“而我却无所事事地站在这里——我两手空空地站在这里。我只能无病呻吟,不时地对着钢琴发泄我的痛苦。”有一次,巴黎的一位贵族请肖邦解释他音乐中的忧郁,肖邦引用了波兰语单词“zal”,意为怀旧或遗憾。著名的肖邦传记作者艾伦·沃克表示,在圆舞曲等短曲中,可以明显感受到“zal”的韵味,肖邦在其中注入了一种此前只用于更宏伟的作品的情感深度。圆舞曲曾是欢快的舞厅主打曲风。但肖邦的圆舞曲从来都不是用来跳舞的。肖邦没有创作过交响曲、歌剧或清唱剧,人们并不总是将他视为一位严肃的作曲家。“我们的先祖从未想到,肖邦的一首短小的圆舞曲或玛祖卡舞曲,内涵会比博凯里尼的整部交响曲还要丰富,”沃克说。虽然专家认为肖邦创作了多达28首圆舞曲,但只有八首在他生前出版,九首在他死后出版。其余的都已轶失或损毁。他的一些圆舞曲振奋而精致,比如这首《华丽大圆舞曲》。还有一些则是嬉戏玩闹的曲目,比如《“小狗”圆舞曲》。此曲在流行文化中经久不衰,兔八哥和芭芭拉·史翠珊都曾演绎过。还有一些是忧郁的冥想,如《B小调圆舞曲》。那个时代的许多钢琴家喜欢在众多观众面前展示令人眼花缭乱的技艺。但肖邦讨厌他所谓的“空中飞人学校”式的钢琴演奏。他更喜欢沙龙的亲密氛围,在皇室、银行家、艺术家和音乐家面前表演他的作品——作曲家弗朗茨·李斯特称这些聚会为“肖邦教堂”。在这些场合,他的乐迷有时会索要圆舞曲等小作品作为礼物。肖邦同意了,偶尔会将同一首圆舞曲送给几个人。他至少有五次将《F小调圆舞曲》的手稿送给别人,全部是女士。“请您自己留着,”他在给一位受赠者的信中写道。“我不希望它被公开。”这首摩根博物馆的圆舞曲可能就是在这种情况下写成的。它被写在一张约4×5英寸的小纸片上,是一种常用于礼品的纸张。乐谱上有指法和力度记号,这表明肖邦认为这首曲子将来可能会用于演奏。但这位严谨的作曲家——在一页乐谱上花数周时间对肖邦是常有的事——似乎对这首圆舞曲有所犹豫。他没有像通常那样在乐谱上签名。根据笔迹分析,手稿顶端的“肖邦”是别人加上去的。此外,乐谱中还有几处未更正的节奏和记谱错误。艾莉莎·拉吉威尔画的肖邦,他讨厌所谓的“空中飞人学校”式钢琴演奏,更喜欢沙龙的亲密氛围。Universal History Archive, via Getty Images不管肖邦有何意图,这首圆舞曲从未公开过,也一直不为世人所知,可能一直在收藏家手中。纽约室内设计学院院长小A·谢里尔·惠顿一度获得了这份手稿。1972年去世的惠顿是一位狂热的签名收集者。他的子女说,他的大部分收藏都是从麦迪逊大道著名的沃尔特·R·本杰明签名店获得的。惠顿是一位业余钢琴家和作曲家,曾师从名师罗杰·塞申斯和纳迪娅·布朗热,对古典音乐情有独钟。二战期间,他作为海军中尉在南太平洋服役,只带了一本书:贝多芬晚期弦乐四重奏的微型乐谱。他写了三部歌剧,在去世当天完成了最后一部。小A·谢里尔·惠顿,摄于1958年。惠顿是一位业余钢琴家和作曲家,热衷于收集签名,肖邦手稿一度为他所有,后来连同他的其它一些资料被送到了摩根博物馆。via Paul Whiton“他总是弹奏肖邦,”他的儿子保罗·惠顿说。“这是他逃避现实的方式。”惠顿回忆说,他见过在康涅狄格州威尔顿祖宅陈列的这首圆舞曲,但家人并没有意识到它的重要性。惠顿的藏品于2019年作为阿瑟·萨茨的遗赠来到摩根博物馆,萨茨是惠顿的好友,从后者的妻子珍手中买下了这些收藏。五年来,这些藏品一直没有编目,部分原因是新冠大流行。藏品附带的说明没有提供太多关于这首圆舞曲的线索,只写着:肖邦,弗雷德里克音乐手稿。四行两谱表不明钢琴曲,看起来出自肖邦之手,但未署名。摩根博物馆的专家团队在红外线和紫外线下检查了手稿,以明确是否有损坏和涂改。他们确定这首曲子是用铁胆墨水在19世纪的机织纸上写成的。音乐风格与肖邦在19世纪30年代早期的作品一致。乐谱上的记号符合肖邦著名的细小笔迹特征,乐谱上方的“Valse”字样也是这样。研究人员考虑了其他可能性。肖邦是否抄写了别人的圆舞曲?会不会是学生的作品?这两种可能性似乎都不大。圆舞曲多变的开场仍然是一个谜。帮助鉴定乐谱的卡尔伯格说,这首圆舞曲的调——A小调——或许能提供线索。肖邦一些最汹涌澎湃的音乐都是用这个调式创作的,包括所谓的《冬风练习曲》、《第二前奏曲》,以及《第二叙事曲》的一些片段。“这个调,”卡尔伯格说,“让他写出了不同寻常的作品”。肖邦在1831年写了另一首狂暴且有不协和音的圆舞曲:《E小调圆舞曲》,同样是以爆发开场。摩根博物馆的这首圆舞曲的特殊性很可能会引发对其起源的争论。剑桥大学音乐教授约翰·林克说:“其中有很多极其不寻常的元素,你不得不问,这真的是肖邦的音乐吗?”他审阅了手稿的照片,但没有参与摩根博物馆的研究。尽管如此,林克还是认为很难质疑对笔迹、纸张和墨水的分析,称其为“关键的、决定性的因素”。他说,这份手稿可能反映了“肖邦充分发挥的想象力,一种在任何想法都还没有被琢磨透之前的创造性爆发”。肖邦会如何看待这首圆舞曲的公开?他经常用愤怒的涂写和墨水斑点来遮住自己的失误,他还告诉朋友们,他希望未发表的作品都在自己死后被销毁。不过,著名钢琴家和作曲家斯蒂芬·霍夫说,肖邦可能会为自己的音乐仍然受到人们的喜爱而感到高兴。他说,这首圆舞曲“可能没那么重要,但它有一种魅力和珍贵”。“只要肖邦知道他的影响是巨大的,他的作品被很好地收集、研究和记录了下来,”霍夫还说:“我无法想象他会不高兴。”音频:《降E大调华丽大圆舞曲》,作品第18号;《降D大调“小狗”圆舞曲》,作品第64号之1;《降B小调圆舞曲》,作品第69号之2,由阿图尔·鲁宾斯坦演奏(索尼古典)。《E小调圆舞曲》,作品号KK IVa之15,由爱丽丝·纱良·奥特演奏(德意志留声机)。由穆罕默德·萨迪克为《纽约时报》拍摄视频,在纽约施坦威音乐厅录制。由约瑟芬·塞奇威克、乔莉·鲁本和瑞秋·萨尔茨制作。翻译:Ziyu Qing、Annie Xu、晋其角赫海威(Javier C. Hernández)是《纽约时报》文化记者,报道纽约及其他地方的古典音乐和舞蹈。他于2008年加入时报,此前曾任驻北京和纽约记者。点击查看更多关于他的信息。

    [id*=”scrolly-instance-“] p span {
    background-color: black;
    padding: 14px;
    display: block;
    text-align: left;
    color: white;
    text-shadow: none;
    } More

  • in

    Frank Fritz, a Host of the Antiques Show ‘American Pickers,’ Dies at 58

    He and his friend Mike Wolfe launched the treasure-hunting show in 2010, part of a wave of reality TV aimed at finding fortune in everyday items.Frank Fritz, a jocular Everyman who as one half of the duo behind the hit show “American Pickers” found ratings gold by unearthing fortunes in attics, basements and garage sales, died on Monday in Davenport, Iowa. He was 58.His manager, Bill Stankey, confirmed the death, in a hospice. He said that the cause had not been announced, but that Mr. Fritz had been dealing with a number of health issues, including Crohn’s disease and the effects of a stroke in 2022.Debuting on the History Channel in 2010, “American Pickers,” which Mr. Fritz hosted with his longtime friend Mike Wolfe, was part of a wave of reality TV shows that mined everyday Americana for stories, profit and no small amount of drama.Unlike older, more sedate shows like public television’s “Antiques Roadshow,” “American Pickers” blended serious appraisal with rough-edged personality and quirky flair.Each episode featured Mr. Fritz and Mr. Wolfe tooling around a small American town in their Sprinter van, trading quips in between visits to local homes and storage sheds, where they would pick through piles of junk to find diamonds in the rough.Mr. Fritz with his co-host, Mike Wolfe, in an “American Pickers” episode in 2011, a year after the series began. History ChannelWe are having trouble retrieving the article content.Please enable JavaScript in your browser settings.Thank you for your patience while we verify access. If you are in Reader mode please exit and log into your Times account, or subscribe for all of The Times.Thank you for your patience while we verify access.Already a subscriber? Log in.Want all of The Times? Subscribe. More

  • in

    John Mayer on Being the Watch World’s Celebrity ‘Go-To Guy’

    When the guitarist John Mayer takes the stage this week in Las Vegas, to cap Dead & Company’s 10-week residence at the Sphere arena, his wristwatch is bound to loom large on the venue’s massive LED screen.“I happen to have a job where my wrist is naturally looked at,” Mr. Mayer, 46, said last month on a video call from his home in Los Angeles.That suits the longtime watch collector (and downright watch nerd) just fine.“The number of people who come up to me and ask me what I’m wearing is far greater than the number of people who come up to me and say, ‘Love your music, or how’d you write that song?’” he said. “People want to know about watches more than anything. They’ll say, ‘Gotta ask: What do you have on?’ It’s such a great entree to conversation.”One of Mr. Mayer’s favorite talking points is his new collaboration with the Swiss watchmaker Audemars Piguet (A.P.). After three years of development, in March the brand introduced a Royal Oak perpetual calendar wristwatch designed by Mr. Mayer.Limited to 200 pieces, the $180,700 timepiece, encased in 18-karat white gold, featured a blue metallic dial inspired by the night sky as well as some subtle aesthetic details that Mr. Mayer conceived.“When you look at this perpetual calendar, the first thing you should see is the time,” he said. “You shouldn’t see the vastness of the universe when it comes to timekeeping if you’ve got 15 minutes to get to a meeting.”We are having trouble retrieving the article content.Please enable JavaScript in your browser settings.Thank you for your patience while we verify access. If you are in Reader mode please exit and log into your Times account, or subscribe for all of The Times.Thank you for your patience while we verify access.Already a subscriber? Log in.Want all of The Times? Subscribe. More

  • in

    John Lennon’s Guitar From ‘Help!’ Is Sold for $2.9 Million at Auction

    After appearing in multiple albums by the Beatles, the instrument was forgotten for more than 50 years before it turned up in the attic of a British countryside home.A recently discovered guitar that John Lennon used to record multiple Beatles songs in the 1960s before it went missing for 50 years has sold at auction for $2.9 million, becoming one of the most valuable pieces of memorabilia from the band.The 12-string acoustic guitar, called the Hootenanny, was believed to be lost after Mr. Lennon and his bandmate George Harrison used it to record the 1965 Beatles albums “Rubber Soul” and “Help!” and the soundtrack to the band’s film of the same name, said Julien’s Auctions, the Los Angeles-based auction house that handled the sale on Wednesday.Later that year, Mr. Lennon gifted the 1964 guitar, made by the German instrument manufacturer Framus, to Gordon Waller, a member of the British pop duo Peter & Gordon. Mr. Waller passed it on to one of his road managers, who took the guitar to his home in the rural British countryside and tossed it in the attic, the auction house said.More than 50 years later, a man in Britain discovered the guitar in his parents’ attic as they were moving out of the house, Darren Julien, a co-founder of Julien Auctions, said in a video. After they found it — along with its original guitar case — they alerted the auction house in March, Mr. Julien said.“The son told us that he had always heard his dad talk about this guitar, but he’d believed that it was lost,” said Martin Nolan, another co-founder of Julien’s Auctions, in the video.The auction house consulted with Andy Babiuk, a Beatles expert who has authenticated the band’s memorabilia in the past, to verify the guitar. After comparing the instrument’s wood grain and the wear patterns to those in archival images, Mr. Babiuk determined that the guitar was the one played by Mr. Lennon, the auction house said.We are having trouble retrieving the article content.Please enable JavaScript in your browser settings.Thank you for your patience while we verify access. If you are in Reader mode please exit and log into your Times account, or subscribe for all of The Times.Thank you for your patience while we verify access.Already a subscriber? Log in.Want all of The Times? Subscribe. More

  • in

    Original ‘Star Trek’ Enterprise Model From Opening Credits Is Found

    The 33-inch model surfaced on eBay after disappearing around 1979. An auction house is giving it to the son of Gene Roddenberry, the creator of “Star Trek.”The first model of the U.S.S. Enterprise, the starship that appeared in the opening credits of the original “Star Trek” television series, has been returned to Eugene Roddenberry Jr., the son of the creator of the series, decades after it went missing.“After a long journey, she’s home,” Mr. Roddenberry wrote on social media on Thursday.For die-hard Trekkies, the model’s disappearance had become the subject of folklore, so an eBay listing last fall, with a starting bid of $1,000, didn’t go unnoticed.“Red alert,” someone in an online costume and prop-making forum wrote, linking to the listing.Mr. Roddenberry’s father, Gene Roddenberry, created the television series, which first aired in 1966 and ran for three seasons. It spawned numerous spinoffs, several films and a franchise that has included conventions and legions of devoted fans with an avid interest in memorabilia.The seller of the model was bombarded with inquiries and quickly took the listing down.Joe Maddalena, left, the executive vice president of Heritage Auctions, and Eugene Roddenberry, the son of “Star Trek” creator Gene Roddenberry.Josh David Jordan/Heritage Auctions, via Associated PressThe seller contacted Heritage Auctions to authenticate it, the auction house’s executive vice president, Joe Maddalena, said on Saturday. As soon as the seller, who said he had found it in a storage unit, brought it to the auction house’s office in Beverly Hills, Calif., Mr. Maddalena said he knew it was real.“That’s when I reached out to Rod to say, ‘We’ve got this. This is it,’” he said, adding that the model was being transferred to Mr. Roddenberry.We are having trouble retrieving the article content.Please enable JavaScript in your browser settings.Thank you for your patience while we verify access. If you are in Reader mode please exit and log into your Times account, or subscribe for all of The Times.Thank you for your patience while we verify access.Already a subscriber? Log in.Want all of The Times? Subscribe. More

  • in

    Taylor Swift Sells a Rainbow of Vinyl Albums. Fans Keep Buying Them.

    Artists across pop genres are finding success with colored vinyl and different variants of their releases. For Swifties, the urge to collect them all is strong.When Taylor Swift released nine vinyl editions of her album “Folklore” in 2020, Tylor Hammers, a fan in Florida, took notice. But it wasn’t until “Midnights” two years later that he became a true collector, scouring the internet and retail shops for every variation of her albums he could find — spending about $1,000 in the process — and cataloging the technicolor expanse of Swift’s LP output in an online discography.“I get enjoyment out of being a completionist,” Hammers, 24, said in a recent interview.He’s not the only one.Although streaming remains the dominant music format, physical media has been a growing niche where the industry can cater to so-called superfans, who express their dedication to artists by shelling out big bucks for collectible versions of new releases, sometimes in multiple quantities. K-pop acts like BTS pioneered this strategy by putting out an array of elaborate CD packages, often featuring goodies like postcards and photo booklets, which helped the boy band repeatedly go to No. 1.But nobody does it quite like Swift, or at least at the same scale. Last year she sold 3.5 million LPs in the United States, thanks in part to five pastel-hued variants of “1989 (Taylor’s Version),” a rerecording of her 2014 album, and the popularity of Swift’s entire catalog during her record-breaking Eras Tour.When Swift’s latest album, “The Tortured Poets Department,” comes out on Friday, it will be available in a portfolio of different versions — on vinyl, CD and even cassette — with bonus tracks and, on certain “deluxe” editions sold through Swift’s website, trinkets like magnets, photo cards and engraved bookmarks. Some items, like a standard CD, go for as little as $13. But last weekend, Swift’s site offered a limited run of autographed LPs for $50, which, according to fans on social media, vanished in 20 minutes.“The Tortured Poets Department” comes out on Friday in a number of different versions and formats including CD, left, and cassette. We are having trouble retrieving the article content.Please enable JavaScript in your browser settings.Thank you for your patience while we verify access. If you are in Reader mode please exit and log into your Times account, or subscribe for all of The Times.Thank you for your patience while we verify access.Already a subscriber? Log in.Want all of The Times? Subscribe. More

  • in

    Norman Lear’s Art Goes to Auction

    The television producer’s prime pieces will be featured in a special evening sale at Christie’s in May.Norman Lear was best known for what he created on television, but he also appreciated the kind of art you can hang on the wall and collected his fair share over the years.Lear died in December at 101. On May 16, his wife, Lyn, is selling seven of the producer’s prime pieces of artwork at Christie’s with a total estimate of more than $50 million.The artworks will be featured in the auction house’s evening sale of 20th-century art, with additional works offered in the postwar and contemporary art day sales and subsequent auctions.“It will be like letting go of old friends and moving on to make new friends,” Lyn Davis Lear said in a telephone interview, adding, “Norman’s philosophy was buy what you love, don’t buy anything thinking you’re going to make a lot of money.”Norman Lear — whose string of hits included “All in the Family,” “The Jeffersons,” “Good Times” and “Maude” — mostly collected works from the 1950s through the 1980s and was particularly drawn to artists who blossomed in California, as he did.“This is where he really flowered and was able to express himself,” Davis Lear said. “There was freedom about being in L.A.”We are having trouble retrieving the article content.Please enable JavaScript in your browser settings.Thank you for your patience while we verify access. If you are in Reader mode please exit and log into your Times account, or subscribe for all of The Times.Thank you for your patience while we verify access.Already a subscriber? Log in.Want all of The Times? Subscribe. More

  • in

    Lifelong ‘Star Trek’ Fan Leaves Behind a Massive Trove of Memorabilia

    Troy Nelson and his younger brother Andrew were almost inseparable.The two youngest of six, they were born two years apart. They lived together in their childhood home in Bremerton, Wash., for more than half a century. Near their home, there is a park bench on which they carved their initials as young boys.The Nelson brothers never married or had children. They worked together at the same senior home. They even once, as teenagers, dated the same girl at the same time while working different shifts at the same pizza shop. This lasted a week until they realized it.“Two parts of one body,” Evan Browne, their older sister, said of their relationship in an interview.On Feb. 28, Andrew Nelson, who had been treated for cancer for years, went to feed the chickens and ducks that were gifts from Ms. Browne to her brothers. He had a heart attack and died. He was 55. Just hours later, Troy Nelson, who was stricken with grief, took his own life. He was 57.“He had talked about it before,” Browne, 66, said, tearfully. “He said, ‘Hey, if Andrew goes, I’m out of here. I’m checking out.’ Andrew would say the same thing, and then it really happened.”The collection of “Star Trek” memorabilia left by Mr. Nelson is among the largest known, according to the president of a nonprofit that focuses on the franchise.Connie Aramaki for The New York TimesWe are having trouble retrieving the article content.Please enable JavaScript in your browser settings.Thank you for your patience while we verify access. If you are in Reader mode please exit and log into your Times account, or subscribe for all of The Times.Thank you for your patience while we verify access.Already a subscriber? Log in.Want all of The Times? Subscribe. More