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    Sígale mariachi: la música no termina ni con el duelo

    Incluso cuando las fiestas de cumpleaños y las bodas han escaseado durante la pandemia, los conjuntos musicales han seguido trabajando en los velorios, entre ellos los de algunos de sus integrantes.Frente al arco de piedra del Centro de Retiro Juvenil Salesiano de San José, a las afueras de Los Ángeles, el ataúd de madera oscura donde se encontraba el cuerpo de Juan Jiménez fue colocado junto a un grupo de mariachis con cubrebocas. El conjunto se preparó para tocar levantando de manera simultánea los arcos de los violines, las manos sobre un arpa dorada y los dedos listos para digitar las cuerdas de los guitarrones, sus bajos.Cuando terminó la oración del sacerdote, Jesus Guzmán dirigió a la banda, el Mariachi Los Camperos, durante casi una hora de música: canciones de dolor y despedida, como “Las Golondrinas”.Las agendas de los mariachis de todo el país solían estar llenas de fechas reservadas para bodas, quinceaños y serenatas en las que la vigorosa música de la cultura mexicana ayudaba a animar algunos de los momentos más alegres de la vida. Con la llegada de la pandemia, esas oportunidades de trabajo desaparecieron y quedaron solo funerales, una creciente cantidad de funerales que ha salvado a algunos mariachis de la ruina financiera.Listen to This ArticleEl Mariachi Los Camperos en un concierto antes de la pandemia. En febrero, tocaron en el funeral de su aclamado guitarrista nacional, Juan Jiménez (fila de atrás, segundo por la derecha), que murió por el coronavirus.Jesus GuzmanEn este funeral, llevado a cabo en febrero, la interpretación fue especialmente apasionada, y los músicos, que se quitaron los sombreros, inclinaron la cabeza al pasar el cuerpo del difunto. Jiménez era uno de los suyos, un admirado ejecutante de guitarrón que había sucumbido a los 58 años a causa del coronavirus.“Él estaba contento de que sus compañeros, sus amigos, estábamos ahí con él, tocándole, dándole gracias, siguiendo su trabajo”, señaló Guzmán, amigo de Jiménez desde la infancia y director musical del grupo de mariachis del que ambos eran propietarios.Presenciar la cantidad de eventos tristes que han mantenido a algunos conjuntos de mariachis económicamente vivos es enfrentarse a los desgarradores estragos que ha causado el virus en la gente que alguna vez cantó su música. Los habitantes latinos y negros que fueron presa de la feroz ola de coronavirus de este invierno en todo el condado de Los Ángeles murieron a un ritmo dos o tres veces superior al de la población blanca del lugar.Los integrantes del Mariachi Los Galleros de San Antonio dicen que la pandemia provocó la cancelación de docenas de eventos que tenían programados.Christopher Lee para The New York TimesLa situación es similar en otros lugares con poblaciones latinas grandes, y los estudios muestran que los latinos son más vulnerables a enfermar y morir por el virus. Sus comunidades y hogares tienden a estar más poblados y a depender del transporte público, su acceso a la atención sanitaria es limitado y sus trabajos suelen implicar contacto con otras personas.Por eso, mientras sepultan los féretros, muchos grupos de mariachis de California, Texas, Illinois y otros lugares tocan canciones de dolor y pena para mitigar la tristeza del fallecimiento. Incluso para las bandas acostumbradas a tocar en funerales desde antes de la pandemia, la ola de muertes ha sido abrumadora. Muchos han perdido familiares y amigos, miembros de sus conjuntos y profesores de música.Durante décadas, las bandas familiares de mariachis y los músicos autónomos de Los Ángeles han acudido a la Plaza del Mariachi, al este del centro de la ciudad, para competirse las contrataciones. Aquí es donde Christian Chávez, secretario de la Organización de Mariachis Independientes de California, ha repartido cajas de alimentos a los músicos en apuros desde que la pandemia comenzó a afectar el negocio.En el estacionamiento se afinan los instrumentos.Christopher Lee para The New York TimesEnsayo en los minutos previos a un eventoChristopher Lee para The New York TimesEl Mariachi Los Galleros de San Antonio ensaya en la casa de uno de sus integrantes antes de un evento.Christopher Lee para The New York TimesMiguel Guzmán, del Mariachi Los Galleros de San Antonio, dijo que estuvo a punto de morir cuando el coronavirus lo mandó al hospital durante un mes en noviembre.Christopher Lee para The New York TimesComo muchos de los músicos que conoció en la plaza, Chávez no fue inmune a los problemas económicos derivados de la pandemia. El grupo que fundó su abuelo en México, el Mariachi Tierra Mexicana, enfrentó dificultades. La pandemia acabó con sus ahorros en siete meses. El coronavirus obligó a Chávez y a otros mariachis a tomar decisiones muy duras para poder llegar a fin de mes. Eso llevó a muchos a seguir trabajando en eventos en los que la gente no se preocupaba por usar cubrebocas y mantener el distanciamiento social.No obstante, para muchos, los funerales y los entierros se convirtieron en su sostén, el cual, aunque aliviaba las penas económicas, infligía otro tipo de daño aun para los que estaban acostumbrados a tocar en esas ceremonias de manera intermitente entre otros eventos. El llanto. La gente que se aferraba a los ataúdes mientras los bajaban. Chávez dijo que, en ocasiones, esos momentos eran tan devastadores que tenía que apartar la vista y concentrarse solo en su trompeta.Chávez contó que, de los 400 miembros activos de la organización de mariachis de California, cerca de 80 han muerto a causa del virus, posiblemente tras contagiarse mientras se presentaban en fiestas y restaurantes, entre otros eventos. Esa cifra incluye a su padrino, Dagoberto Martínez, quien tocó la vihuela en su conjunto familiar durante 15 años.“Cada vez que voy a trabajar, rezo para ser uno de los afortunados que regresan a casa”, dijo en una entrevista en video Chávez, quien está trabajando en eventos y tocando en decenas de funerales. Su familia y él también enfermaron gravemente de coronavirus en octubre.Todos los trabajadores de las artes escénicas han tenido dificultades durante la pandemia, ya que el desempleo ha afectado desproporcionadamente a ese sector. En las entrevistas, muchos de ellos dijeron que una característica única de los mariachis es la importancia que adquirió su música como parte del ritual fúnebre para una población especialmente diezmada por la pandemia.A medida que más personas se vacunan, el Mariachi Los Galleros de San Antonio está viendo un ligero aumento de los eventos mientras sigue tocando en muchos funerales.Christopher Lee para The New York TimesEn Pilsen, un barrio de Chicago con una importante comunidad latina, el círculo de mariachis de Enrique y Karen León ha disminuido en el último año, en parte por las muertes atribuidas al coronavirus.“Cada mariachi representa un instrumento, un instrumento que va a escucharse en un grupo”, dijo Karen León, gerente del grupo Mariachi México Vivo, al describir lo que significa la pérdida de músicos para la estrecha comunidad de mariachis. “Mucha gente pensará: ‘Bueno, hay muchos más mariachis en Chicago’, pero es muy difícil reemplazar a alguien cuando tiene su propio talento, porque la vida no se puede reemplazar por otra, y el talento, tampoco”.En los últimos cuatro meses, Enrique León y seis miembros de la banda han tocado en 15 funerales, la mitad de ellos por muertes relacionadas con el coronavirus. Aunque los funerales son esenciales, y ayudan a pagar las cuentas, no se comparan con el impulso emocional de actuar en un evento en el que uno puede ver cómo la música levanta el ánimo de la gente.“Siempre me alegro de estar tocando mi guitarra, estar componiendo canciones, estar, por ejemplo, frente al público, cantando”, dice Enrique León. “Todo ese ambiente de estar conviviendo con la gente, eso me llena mucho. Y realmente donde estoy, digo, estoy trabajando y ganando dinero, pero no es lo mismo. No es lo mismo ver esas sonrisas, esos gritos, ese sentimiento de la gente cuando ve al mariachi que llega, esa emoción”.El Mariachi México Vivo toca en una fiesta de 50 años en marzo.Samantha Cabrera Friend para The New York TimesLa fiesta fue un regreso a la normalidad para un grupo cuyas actuaciones en ocasiones felices se habían visto interrumpidas por la pandemia.Samantha Cabrera Friend para The New York TimesJosefina Gonzales, la invitada de honor, en el centro, que sobrevivió al virus, se sorprendió y se emocionó, con la actuación del conjunto.Samantha Cabrera Friend para The New York TimesLos integrantes del Mariachi México Vivo, que sonríen aquí en la fiesta de cumpleaños, han tocado en 15 funerales en los últimos meses.Samantha Cabrera Friend para The New York TimesEn Texas, en noviembre, Miguel Guzmán, del Mariachi Los Galleros de San Antonio, tuvo que dar un descanso a su violín y su música cuando dio positivo en la prueba de coronavirus. Pocos días antes había ido, con cubrebocas, a la casa de un amigo, un vendedor de instrumentos de confianza, a comprar un violín para un estudiante. Su amigo falleció días después debido al virus.Guzmán también enfermó de gravedad y pasó un mes en el hospital. El virus lo dejó sin aliento. Necesitaba un flujo constante de oxígeno para respirar con sus pulmones dañados; bajó 18 kilos y perdió toda la musculatura; necesitó fisioterapia tan solo para volver a caminar.En casa, se le entumecieron los dedos en varias ocasiones en que intentó tomar su violín, pero lo que lo mantuvo motivado para recuperarse fue la promesa de volver a tocar en la banda con sus hijos y componer una canción para su mujer.El mes pasado, Guzmán volvió por fin con su grupo y tocó en otra ronda de funerales y entierros. En su primer día de vuelta en el trabajo asistió al funeral del suegro de un amigo. La semana siguiente fue el funeral de uno de sus clientes de toda la vida, el dueño de una tienda de neumáticos que había muerto por complicaciones relacionadas con el coronavirus.En ese funeral, estuvo de pie cerca del féretro con su banda tocando “Te vas, ángel mío”. Podía escuchar el llanto, sí, pero también podía oír su violín, que hacía que la vida continuara para quienes lloraban y para él.“La música es la medicina, porque cuando estoy tocando, me olvido de que no puedo respirar”, concluyó Guzmán.Christina Morales es una reportera que cubre noticias de última hora a nivel nacional para la sección Express. También forma parte de la generación de becarios 2020-2021 de The New York Times. @Christina_M18 More

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    Mariachis Play On, Their Music Unsilenced by the Virus or the Deaths

    Even as the birthday parties and weddings grew scarce during the pandemic, the musicians were increasingly hired to play at funerals, including those of band members.Listen to This ArticleFacing the stone archway of St. Joseph’s Salesian Youth Retreat Center outside Los Angeles, the dark wooden coffin holding the body of Juan Jiménez was wheeled next to a band of masked mariachis. The group readied themselves to play, simultaneously lifting bows to violins, hands to a golden harp and fingers to pluck at guitarróns, their bass guitars.When the priest’s prayer ended, Jesus Guzmán led the band, Mariachi Los Camperos, through almost an hour of music: songs that express grief and goodbyes, like “Las Golondrinas” (“The Swallows”).The calendars of mariachi bands nationwide used to be full of dates for weddings, quinceañeras and serenades where the vigorous music of Mexican culture helped enliven some of life’s most joyous moments. With the onset of the pandemic, those opportunities disappeared, leaving behind only the funerals, the mounting number of funerals, that have kept some mariachis from financial ruin.Mariachi Los Camperos playing a concert before the pandemic. In February, they performed at the funeral of their nationally acclaimed guitarron player, Juan Jiménez (back row, second from right) who died in the pandemic.Jesus GuzmanAt this funeral, in February, the playing was particularly passionate and the musicians, sombreros off, bowed their heads as the body passed. Jiménez was one of their own, a revered guitarrón player who had succumbed at 58 to the coronavirus.“His friends were all there with him, playing for him, thanking him, continuing his legacy,” said Guzmán, a friend of Jiménez since childhood and the music director of the mariachi band they both called their own.To witness the number of sad events that have kept some mariachi bands financially alive is to confront the virus’s harrowing toll on the people who once sang to their music. Latino and Black residents caught in this winter’s fierce coronavirus surge through Los Angeles County died at two or three times the rate of the white population there.Members of Mariachi Los Galleros de San Antonio say the pandemic caused the cancellation of dozens of events that they had been scheduled to perform. Christopher Lee for The New York TimesThe story is similar in other locations with large Latino populations, and studies show Latinos are more vulnerable to becoming ill and dying from the virus. Their communities and households tend to be more crowded and to rely on mass transit, their access to health care is limited and their jobs are likely to involve contact with the public.So as the caskets go into the ground, many mariachi bands in California, Texas, Illinois and elsewhere have turned to playing songs of pain and sorrow to ease the passing. Even for the bands used to playing at funerals before the pandemic, the sweep of death has been overwhelming. Many have lost family and friends, band members and music teachers.For decades, family-run mariachi bands and self-employed musicians in Los Angeles have descended on Mariachi Plaza east of Downtown to vie for new bookings. This is where Christian Chavez, the secretary for the Organization of Independent Mariachis of California, has handed out boxes of food to struggling musicians since the pandemic first upended business.Tuning up in the parking lot.Christopher Lee for The New York TimesRehearsing in the final minutes before an event.Christopher Lee for The New York TimesMariachi Los Galleros de San Antonio rehearsing at a member’s home before an event.Christopher Lee for The New York TimesMiguel Guzman, a member of Mariachi Los Galleros de San Antonio, said he almost died when the coronavirus landed him in the hospital for a month in November.Christopher Lee for The New York TimesLike many musicians he met on the plaza, Chavez was not immune to the pandemic’s financial hardships. The band his grandfather first founded in Mexico, Mariachi Tierra Mexicana, struggled. The pandemic wiped out his savings in seven months. The coronavirus forced Chavez and other mariachis to make grueling decisions just to make ends meet. That led many to continue working at events where people were nonchalant about masks and social distancing.But, for many, funerals and burials became the mainstay, easing the financial pain but exacting another kind of harm, even for those used to playing such ceremonies intermittently between other events. The weeping. The people grasping for coffins as they were lowered. Chavez said that, at times, these moments were so devastating he had to turn away and just focus on his trumpet.Of the 400 active members of the California mariachi organization, about 80 died of the virus, possibly having picked it up performing at events like parties and at restaurants, Chavez said. That tally includes his godfather, Dagoberto Martinez, who played the vihuela in his family band for 15 years.“Every time I go to work, I pray that I’m one of the lucky ones to return home,” Chavez, who is working events and playing at dozens of funerals, said in a video interview. He and his family got dangerously sick with the virus in October, too.All performing arts workers have struggled during the pandemic as unemployment had an undue influence on that sector. What is unique about the mariachi band members, many of them said in interviews, is how much their music became part of the ritual of passing for a population particularly affected by the pandemic.As more people get vaccinated, Mariachi Los Galleros de San Antonio is seeing a slight uptick in events while still playing at many funerals.Christopher Lee for The New York TimesIn Pilsen, a neighborhood of Chicago with a sizable Latino community, Enrique and Karen Leon’s circle of mariachis has waned in the past year, in part because of deaths attributed to the coronavirus.“Every mariachi represents a musical instrument, an instrument you hear in a group,” Karen Leon, the manager of the band Mariachi Mexico Vivo, said, describing what the loss of musicians means to the close community of mariachis. “Lots of people think, well, there are plenty of mariachis in Chicago, but it’s really difficult to replace someone when they have their talent. You can’t just replace someone’s life for another.”In the past four months, Enrique Leon and six members of the band played at 15 funerals, half of those for coronavirus-related deaths. Though the funerals are essential, and help pay the bills, they do not match the emotional boost of performing at an event where one can see the music lift people’s spirit like a buoy.“I want to play my guitar, compose songs, be in public singing,” Enrique Leon said. “That ambience fills me up. I’m working, and making money, but it’s not the same. It’s not the same without seeing smiles and laughter, the emotion from the crowd when they see the mariachi.”Members of Mariachi Mexico Vivo playing at a 50th birthday party in March.Samantha Cabrera Friend for The New York TimesThe party was a return to normalcy for a band whose performances at happy occasions had been disrupted by the pandemic.Samantha Cabrera Friend for The New York TimesThe guest of honor, Josefina Gonzales, center, who herself survived the virus, was surprised, and moved, by the appearance of the band.Samantha Cabrera Friend for The New York TimesMembers of Mariachi Mexico Vivo, smiling here at the birthday party, have played at 15 funerals in recent months.Samantha Cabrera Friend for The New York TimesIn Texas, back in November, Miguel Guzman of Mariachi Los Galleros de San Antonio had to put his violin and music aside when he tested positive for the coronavirus. Just days before, he was masked and inside the home of a friend who was a reliable instrument dealer, buying a violin for a student. The friend later died of the virus.Guzman fell very ill, too, and spent a month in the hospital. The virus winded him. He needed a constant stream of oxygen to breathe with his damaged lungs; he dropped 40 pounds and lost all his muscle; he needed physical therapy just to walk again.At home, his fingers were numb when he repeatedly tried picking up his violin, but it was the promise of playing in the band with his sons again and writing a composition for his wife that kept him motivated to recover.This past month, Guzman finally returned to the band and played at another round of funerals and burials. His first day back was at the funeral of a friend’s father-in-law. The week after, it was a funeral for one of his longtime clients, a tire-shop owner who had died of coronavirus-related complications.Close to the coffin at that funeral, he stood with the band playing “Te Vas Ángel Mío” or “You’re Leaving, Angel of Mine.” He could hear the crying, yes, but he also could hear his violin, carrying life forward for those who grieved, and for him.“Music is the medicine, because when I’m playing, I forget about not being able to breathe,” Guzman said. More

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    Cornelia Vertenstein Gave Many Lessons Beyond the Piano

    #masthead-section-label, #masthead-bar-one { display: none }At HomeBake: Maximalist BrowniesListen: To Pink SweatsGrow: RosesUnwind: With Ambience VideosAdvertisementContinue reading the main storySupported byContinue reading the main storyTimes InsiderA Musical Life With Echoes That Will LastThe lessons that the piano teacher Cornelia Vertenstein taught her students also resounded with many others, including me.Cornelia Vertenstein talking remotely with the reporter John Branch last year for a feature that made the front page. During the pandemic, she continued giving piano lessons to children, using FaceTime. Credit…John BranchFeb. 20, 2021, 10:00 a.m. ETTimes Insider explains who we are and what we do, and delivers behind-the-scenes insights into how our journalism comes together.Cornelia Vertenstein, a 93-year-old Holocaust survivor, gave her last piano lesson at 6:30 a.m. on Feb. 1. She was not feeling well, so she arranged a ride to the hospital.Pneumonia settled in, and family gathered, sensing the end of a quietly extraordinary life.She began giving lessons at age 14 in war-torn Romania. She did not stop for nearly 80 years. Toward the end, adapting to the pandemic, Ms. Vertenstein gave lessons on FaceTime from her home in Denver.As her condition worsened this month, she reflected on her life’s work.“If I die, don’t be sad,” she told her daughter, Mariana. “I led a productive life helping children.”Near her hospital bed hung a copy of a New York Times story about Ms. Vertenstein, staying connected to her students through technology, that was published last May. It was on the front page, with a large photograph of her sitting at her piano, sharply dressed, hands folded, looking at the camera.Ms. Vertenstein died Feb. 12. Count me among the mourners, because I wrote that story.I never met Ms. Vertenstein in person; our interviews took place on FaceTime and over the phone. But she left a lasting impression on me and countless others whom she never met, judging by how widely and quickly her story spread. It spawned an invitation to the “Today” show (she declined) and inspired a German telephone commercial, among other things.Her family teased her for being a celebrity, but she was uncomfortable with the attention.“She’d say, ‘I just want to teach,’” her daughter said.As with most stories that I have written, I remember the experience of reporting more than the words that were published. My mind sees Ms. Vertenstein’s smile. I still have it in my phone, a screengrab from one of our conversations.I remember having technical difficulties the first time I interviewed her, all on my end. I was late to connect on FaceTime. Fumbling with my phone and laptop, I simply called her. She forgave my blundering tardiness.I remember telling her during our last conversation that I would like to visit her the next time I was in Denver, my hometown. I still have family in Colorado, so I try to get there a few times a year. This was last spring. Surely the pandemic would ease, we thought. But I have not been to Denver since.I also remember the unusual circumstances for how that story came to me. At the end of March, the pandemic smothering lives, I was searching for fresh story angles. Maybe the exponential powers of social media could be put to good use.“I’m entertaining thoughts, a community brainstorm,” I wrote on Facebook. “Know something that the world should know about that hasn’t already been read and seen?”The first response came from Jacqui Jorgeson, whom I met in 2015 when her boyfriend (now husband), Kevin Jorgeson, climbed the Dawn Wall of Yosemite’s El Capitan with his climbing partner, Tommy Caldwell.“Mind if I share?” she wrote. “I’ve got some awesomely weird friends.”Others shared, too. Ideas poured in. Most were the type that became familiar last spring, about quiet acts of heroism — sewing masks, volunteering for food banks, connecting with needy neighbors.In the end, I turned only one into a story.The suggestion stood out, about a Holocaust survivor in her 90s who lived alone and taught piano seven days a week. Unable to welcome her students into her home, as she had for decades, she took to conducting lessons using FaceTime. And now the spring recital was approaching.The note’s writer was Yvette Frampton, a Facebook acquaintance of Ms. Jorgeson. Her three children were among the dozens of Ms. Vertenstein’s students.Soon, I was like one of those students, virtually connected for scheduled meetings.Ms. Vertenstein coordinated our conversations around her teaching schedule and her iPad’s battery life — always a consideration, because there was no outlet near the piano. If she had an opening between 2 and 4, for example, she would ask if we could speak at 3, so that her device could charge on the counter for an hour first.Students considered Ms. Vertenstein a bit intimidating, at least at first, with her exacting standards and strong accent. (English was one of six languages she spoke.) She was the type of teacher that parents appreciate and that students may not, until they are older.With me, though, she was talkative and friendly. She spoke plainly of her life and its heartaches. She was patient with my probing questions. Her mind was sharp, her memory clear.All lives deserve more than a few paragraphs, but especially this one. I whittled it as sharply as I could to fit a newspaper word count.“The children do not know much of Ms. Vertenstein’s past — the yellow star she had to wear as a teenager during the war, the rocks thrown at her, the fist of fascism replaced by the slogging brutality of communism,” I wrote last year.It was mere context for her piano lessons.“It’s very painful to talk about,” Ms. Vertenstein told me. “Besides this, why should I tell those kids such sad stories?”There is no way to know how many children entered her house over the decades, learning scales or rehearsing Bach minuets and Haydn sonatas before exiting with a hug and a sticker and, perhaps, a life lesson not fully appreciated until later.She was sure not going to let social-distancing protocols get in the way of one-on-one piano lessons. Ms. Frampton and others helped teach Ms. Vertenstein to use FaceTime. The recitals, performed on Zoom from dozens of living rooms before a matrix of family members, were trickier. But they worked.Last May, Ms. Vertenstein hoped that she could soon welcome her students back into her home. That never happened.Her last student, it turns out, was Maggie Frampton, 14, one of those featured in the online recital last May. It was early in the morning two Mondays ago, on FaceTime before school. Maggie told her mother afterward that Ms. Vertenstein was not feeling well. (Ms. Vertenstein’s family said she did not have Covid-19 and had recently received the first dose of vaccine.)Now the Frampton children are among the 30 current students of Ms. Vertenstein in search of a new teacher.“Some naïve part of me thought she would live forever,” Yvette Frampton said.Also unclear is what will become of Ms. Vertenstein’s three pianos, including the Chickering & Sons that she and her husband bought for $600 in 1965, two years after landing in the United States, and the two grand pianos reserved mostly for older students or those rehearsing concerts or recitals.On Tuesday, on a cold and blustery Colorado afternoon, family and a few friends attended a graveside funeral as others watched online. The rabbi quoted Plato’s line about music giving “soul to the universe, wings to the mind, flight to the imagination” — the same line that Ms. Vertenstein chose for the program for last spring’s recital.Minutes before her small, plain coffin was lowered into the earth, notes from former students were read. One recalled how Ms. Vertenstein never liked the word “practice.”You do not practice, she would say. You make music.She sprinkled lessons everywhere.AdvertisementContinue reading the main story More